Evaluating The Contributions Of Piaget And Vygotsky

I will be describing and evaluating the contributions of Piaget and Vygotsky to my understanding of cognitive development in children and assess their value for social work. I will be outlining the main ideas that they have discovered through their theories, how they differ, and how they are implemented in everyday life. I will also be explaining how they are implemented within social work using social science examples and illustrations within case studies. I will finish by summarizing the main points and coming up with a conclusion. Cognitive development is the childs brain process of how they learn to develop physically (sit up, stand etc.) as well as speech in early years, through to problem solving, thought processes and learning as the child grows and develops. There have been many theorists throughout history that have given their own unique explanation of why and how children develop mentally and physically. Jean Piaget believed in the maturist theory. It believes that children are organism’s that grow at the same speed and are continually developing therefore are only able to learn as they are physically, mentally and biologically able, building up the amount of information thier body and mind can process as they get older. For example a five year old can only read a few words, so would be unable to read War and Peace, nor, probably would they be able to understand the meaning. However, if you were to give the book to a 14 year old they would be able to read andShow MoreRelatedHuman Development Theories Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pagesattachment are formed. Consequently, both Bowlby and Ainsworth’s position was the same as Gesell’s, â€Å"evolution has provided infants with signals and gestures that promote healthy development and it is wisest to respond to them† (Crain, 2011, p. 66). Piaget â€Å"forged the single most comprehensive and compelling theory of intellectual development† (Crain, 2011, p. 118), a theory of psychology that attempts to explain human behavior by trying to understand the thought process behind why people do what theyRead MoreThe Clips in Relation to Constructivist and Socio-Cultural Approaches1001 Words   |  5 Pagesachievement when she completed the task independently. This comes along with the clip of the two boys washing the dishes (RendiStDenis, 2011).It shows how the children are capable of doing things acquired from the community around them through their contribution to the world (DEEWER, 2009), as it was clear that they might have observed their family members taking allocated roles in washing dishes. Consider the role of child competence and agency and the implications for learning and teaching in the earlyRead MoreThe Development Of Piaget And Vygotsky And Evaluate Their Value For Social Work2860 Words   |  12 Pages Psychology Essay 1 I will be describing and evaluating cognitive development in children, using the contributions of Piaget and Vygotsky and assess their value for social work. I will be outlining the main ideas that they have discovered through their theories and how they are implemented in everyday life with a case study. I will also be explaining how they are implemented within social work. I will finish by summarizing the main points and coming up with a conclusion. Cognitive developmentRead MoreEssay about Classroom Observation Analysis3045 Words   |  13 Pagesphilosophy, sociology, critical theory, psychology, and history among others. This paper will discuss five topics based on the best education theory to be applied in the classroom setting with focus on two education theories postulated by Lev Vygotsky and John Dewey. This paper will also address information processing by students, behaviors of teachers to promote thinking, implications of language development on learning and teaching, and on the relationship between the emotional and social developmentRead MoreLifespan Developmental Psychology: An Overview4022 Words   |  16 Pagesgoing through adolescence and then aging. The theories which address this particular area provide a great detail about development of motor skills, cognition, conceptual understanding, self-identity and physiological processes. Furthermore, while evaluating childrens behavior, it is necessary to evaluate and understand it in social, cultural and socioeconomic context. Furthermore, how a child develops a knowledge base over the phase of development and develops a certain behavior our set of behaviorsRead MoreSantrock Edpsych Ch0218723 Words   |  75 Pagesthe elementary-school years are more important than earlier experiences. This stance stems from their view that the key changes in children’s cognitive skills, especially their ability to reason, occur after the infant and early-childhood years. Evaluating the Developmental Issues Most developmentalists believe it is unwise to take an extreme position on these three developmental questions. Development is not all nature, not all nurture (Plomin, 2000; Wahlsteni, 2000). It is not all continuous, notRead MoreGreat Minds: The Essential Guide for Teachers7827 Words   |  32 Pagesteach you how, but it often fails to address the why. ESSENTIAL GUIDE Great Minds 5 This doesn’t mean that a An oft-quoted name job-based training route in lectures on child cannot and does not produce development is Jean Piaget, good teachers, it does. but he is just one theorist. It was summed up for me by Essentially, we can divide a head of physics from an child development into independent school who I three camps: interviewed for a PGCE some Read MoreRole of the Learning Mentor2366 Words   |  10 PagesA 2, 500 word assignment which examines the role of the learning mentor and analyses the strategies used in supporting science, evaluating the impact on pupils’ learning. This essay will explore and evaluate the role, the responsibilities and the purpose of the learning mentor. It will highlight and review strategies used in schools today to support children’s education, assisting them to develop skills and achieve their full potential. The learning mentor has a large range of duties which requireRead MoreEarly Years Essay2808 Words   |  12 Pagesare constantly encouraged to interact and learn from parents, peers and teachers in the group. This encourages the children to bring experiences from home, to be aware of others needs and to learn what is acceptable and unacceptable behaviours. Vygotsky (1896-1935) coined the term of ‘zone of potential development’ or as it is sometimes referred to as ‘proximal development’. This generally means that an adult or peer can give their support and guidance to a child up to a point where the guidanceRead MoreAn Individual Written Reflection On A Lesson Or Series Of Lessons Tha t You Have Taught3178 Words   |  13 Pagesattempts to circumvent these weaknesses by allowing the two approaches to reinforce one another, facilitating the effective transfer of knowledge. The need for this was demonstrated within the lesson objectives. The first lesson objective, critically evaluating a spreadsheet and writing for purpose within ICT (Appendix 3), was contingent on the development of tacit knowledge in order to evaluate and formulate opinion. However, this was in turn dependent upon the transfer of explicit knowledge in the form

Essay Testing in Educational Facilities - 1864 Words

Testing in Educational Facilities A puddle of saliva covers my book as I wake up to the buzzing of my alarm. Oh no! My head was heavy and waking up was not something I wanted to do, especially when I realized that I fell asleep while I was studying for my chemistry test. I had fifteen minutes to get ready for school. At that point showering was not going to be my priority. I had fifteen minutes to memorize as much information as I possibly could. But I knew it wasn’t going to be easy, in fact, merely impossible. So, I threw on my clothes, grabbed a piece of gum, and tossed my books into my bag. Today was not going to be a good day. Since the day we are born we are watched. We are observed, then analyzed, and then soon tested.†¦show more content†¦For some cases this may be true, but for my case, and many other students, testing was never considered to be a good influence. In fact, testing can even do the opposite of motivating. Sometimes the student who does poorly on one or two tests begins to believe that they are a failure and from that point on believe that there is no point in trying. This can cause the student to develop a poor work ethic and think that it is okay to receive bad grades and put in minimal effort. In this case, if the student had received an alternative assessment then, outcomes similar to these would have been prevented. According to Responsive Assessment, â€Å"learning is more than what can be measured.† (Henning-Stout, 21) So, if learning is the purpose of school, and testing isn’t a good means to measure what we have learned, then why use it? And example given in The Testing Trap is a case â€Å"when a child is having difficulty reading and we take her out of the classroom to give her a standardized test, we have a sample of how she responds to that test version of several discrete and measurable skills associated with reading. These skills are considered reflective of reading ability, because children who read well do well on items representing these skills. To go from the observation that goodShow MoreRelatedAn Educational Leader : A Great Deal Of Issues That You Face As An Education Leader852 Words   |  4 Pagesgreat deal of issues that you face as an educational leader. Some issues may be poverty, the lack of qualified teachers or teacher morale, finances, lack of organizational structure, parental and community involvement, technology, or simply time. I was provided with the gratifying opportunity of interviewing a prior Principal of mine, Dr. Angela Murphy-Osborne (Dr. O). In this interview, Dr. O shared her top three issues tha t she faced as an educational leader today. Selecting only the top threeRead MoreThe Disparity During The Performance Of Tests1035 Words   |  5 Pagesperformance of tests: either people from some cultural groups have different capabilities or some cultural groups face greater barriers than others in educational achievement. I agree with the latter. Culture and cultural content are intertwined into various aspects such as language and as a result it would be impossible to have cultural-free testing. Moss (2013) is of the view that high scores in standardized tests require conformity or awareness of the main culture, and minors were unlikely to haveRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Hiv And Aids1535 Words   |  7 Pagesinclude providing access to health care, HIV testing and syringe services programs. The Office of HIV Planning in Philadelphia focuses on the needs of the population, conducts community outreaches and educational sessions. As previously stated, 32 state Medicaid programs reimburse for routine HIV screening of adults aged 15-65 years, regardless of risk. This policy allows for individuals to more likely participate in this screening process. HIV testing can be done through health care professionalsRead MoreStudent Demographics Of Richmond County Schools1273 Words   |  6 Pageswhether or not the No Child Left Behind act has been worth implementing into the schools across America has its pros and cons. The act was introduced to help bridge the educational gap between students in all areas and have 100% of students proficient in Reading and Math. Also, the act requires for a number of standardized testing and requirements that schools must show student growth. As a result of not increasing test scores, teachers and administrators can be potentially fired. It has been statedRead More Horrors of Animal Research, Testing, and Experimentation Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal Testing    The torture and murder of millions of animals annually has been occurring for centuries now. Every year we ignore it, and every year the numbers grow. The act of vivisection or the practice of experimenting on animals began because of religious prohibitions against dissection of human corpses. After religious leaders lifted these prohibitions, it was too late. Vivisection had become a major part of medical and educational research. As well as major part of product testing in manyRead MoreThe Constitutionality Of Randomly Search Students1709 Words   |  7 Pagesfor an educational environment. After careful observation, school faculty members have concluded that the drug use was more prevalent in student athletes than in regular teenagers. In response to the issues, the school district made an effort to quell the issue by inviting speakers, and several different presentations to limit the drug use of students help the comprehend it’s dangers and negative impacts. However, this did not stop the problem. To solve this issue, a policy of drug testing had beenRead More Animal Testing for Humanity Essay537 Words   |  3 PagesAnimal Testing for Humanity   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Animal research is vital to human existence. This testing enables doctors to find treatments and cures for various diseases and aliments. The people, who object and think that mad scientists preform all animal research, merely do not understand the importance. There are many regulatory acts protecting the animals in experiments, therefore proving that ending animal research all together would be a harsh blow to society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The regulations, such as theRead MoreThe Spread Of A Sexually Transmitted Infections942 Words   |  4 PagesCherry Street, offers sexually transmitted infection testing for the following trichomonas, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and bacterial vaginosis. Trichomonas and bacterial vaginosis are both tested with a microscopic exam and vaginal fluid. Chlamydia and gonorrhea are both tested via urine or a vaginal swab. Syphilis and HIV are tested from drawing blood from the patient. Full sexually transmitted infection testing costs twenty dollars and this cost includes anyRead MoreStaff Education on Proper Administration of Chemotherapy1379 Words   |  5 Pageson Proper Chemo Administration I. Educational Rationale The rationale for the educational initiative is a needs assessment that was conducted identifying the skill sets and knowledge of the staff at NYHQ. The needs assessment process resulted in findings that the staff required education in the safe and proper administration of chemotherapy since the facility is a leader in cancer care including a breast center, gynecologic, oncology department, patient testing unit, radiation oncology departmentRead MoreComputer Security and Educational Services1081 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 5 Assignment 1: Testing and Monitoring Security Controls Learning Objectives and Outcomes ï‚ § You will learn to recognize security events and baseline anomalies that might indicate suspicious activity. ï‚ § You will learn to identify policy violations and security breaches and to appropriately monitor threats and control activity across the network. Assignment Requirements Refer to the handout Testing and Monitoring Security Controls. It contains information on security events or breaches and

Case Study Health Care of Nursing Intervention Essay

Question: Describe about the Case Study for Nursing intervention. Answer: Introduction Healthcare professionals are dedicated to the well-being of the public, through provisions of excellent health care services according to their health needs. Healthcare providers need to have specified skills for handling different kinds of health issues when presented by the service users. A small mistake can be fatal for the service user but can also have a major negative impact upon the care provider. Thus, skills for handling complexities in care delivery is very important for the healthcare professionals (Swayne, Duncan Ginter, 2012). In accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) code of professional conduct, within this assignment confidentiality shall be maintained throughout and pseudonyms will be used to protect the individuals and their identities such as, all staff, patients and local health services (Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2015). In this assignment, the complexities management will be discussed in a specific case study of Mr. X who is a 75 years old male, experiencing a condition of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) over the last ten years. Currently, he has mobility issues and struggles to support himself at home, so the use of a Zimmer frame is needed to mobilize. Recently Mr. X has been given a diagnosed recently with type 2 diabetes with his stay in the hospital. This means that the patient would require multiple healthcare professionals to manage his health issues at home. In this case study assignment, the patient would be assessed thoroughly, and the management interventions would be analyzed for his betterment. As the patient has diverse health requirements, his discharge planning would have to include interventions in place so that they can be significantly managed. In addition, management of complexities after his discharge would also be highlighted to show if they had an impact on Mr. X. Finally, a summary of the discussions made from the case study to conclude including actions plans for the future nursin g practice. Complexities of care in health and social care delivery Complexity in healthcare can be characterized as the multiple dimensions and multifaceted medical conditions including issues regarding socio-economic realities, behavior, age, culture, environment and system factors of a service user, which have co-occurred (Aller et al., 2012). Healthcare complexity is very important to be considered while implementing holistic care activities, but as there are many emerging conditions, which are understood in different ways, defining complexity in health care is becoming difficult (Kongstvedt et al., 2012). Multiple co-occurring medical conditions can be referred to the complexities or diagnostic dilemmas are referred to complexities in health care. Usually, there are three dimensions of healthcare complexities, medical complexities, situational complexities and system complexities. Thus, the personal and environmental factors have also important contributions in individual's healthcare complexities that should be considered (Bardsley, 2012). Theory of case management According to the system theory, it can be based on an effective system constructed and including individual needs, expectations, rewards and abilities of people contributing in the system. According to this theory, all the contributors including the patients, nurses, doctors, physiotherapists as well as his family members would have a significant role in resolving the patients' health-related complexities (Volggera et al., 2015). According to the rational choice theory, before planning the management of interventions for Mr. X, the healthcare professionals should rationalize all his health needs, risks and benefits for all the interventions and then only the most appropriate management interventions should be implemented (Barnett et al., 2012). According to the crisis intervention model, the management team in health care practices should undergo seven stages of crisis intervention before implementing the complexity management plan for Mr. X. Mr. X has a previous history of COPD and currently diagnosed with diabetes which is the major focus of his complex health intervention along with his mobility issues and old age (Olsson et al., 2013). The first stage in this model is assessing safety and lethality. In the case of Mr. X, the medical issues include COPD, diabetes type 2 and mobility issues and stressors include his old age and social isolation. Therefore, the major focus of the intervention would be these issues. The next stage is rapport building; with respect, empathy, and genuineness the caregiver builds a trustworthy relationship with the care user (Tinetti, Fried Boyd, 2012). It would help Mr. X to combat with his health-related crisis confidently. In the next step, with appropriate communication, the problems would be identified and prioritized according to the severity of the conditions. In the next stage, with reflective listening and other communication skills, his feelings would be addressed. After analyzing all of his health concerns, alternative health interventions would be generated and analyzed for improving his health complexities. After analyzing all the alternatives, based on the current situation and after gaining the consent of the patient and his family, the best possible alternative would be implemented. Here, a shift from crisis to a resolution would be done. After successful implementation, the results would be followed up (Carlin, 2012). Relation between health issues of Mr. X Mr. X had been diagnosed with COPD ten years ago and currently he is experiencing type 2 diabetes. There is an interrelationship within COPD and diabetes type 2, as COPD negatively affects the glucose metabolism and thereby enhancing the chance of developing diabetes type 2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an umbrella term related to diseases with progressive lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma and bronchiectasis (Carlin, 2012). There are a number of risk factors for developing COPD including smoking, genetic factor, environmental factors and age. On the other hand, diabetes type 2 has a direct effect on lung physiology and thereby promoting the prognosis of COPD (Tinetti et al., 2012). It has been revealed from the study of Lnzucchi et al., (2012) that COPD enhances the risk of type 2 diabetes because of the inflammatory process and side effect of high-dose corticosteroids. According to Lobach et al., (2012) the chronic inflammation has emerged as a new risk factor for the type 2 diabetes development. It has been seen that the pro-inflammatory cytokines are the contributing significantly to the insulin resistance and type 2-diabetes pathogenesis that include C-reactive protein, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. In chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, the disease prognosis up-regulates these pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby increasing the risk of COPD (Dyson et al., 2014). Researchers found that to combat with lung inflammation, the corticosteroid is given to patients who have a major contribution in developing COPD (Brooke, 2014). In addition, Mr. X was 75 years old, so his age has a direct effect on the onset of type 2 diabetes. It has been seen in the study of Saini et al., (2012) that increased age has a direct effect on the proliferative and regenerative capacity of pancreatic beta cells from where insulin hormone is secreted for regulating glucose metabolism. It can be said that increased age is significantly related to the onset of diabetes type 2 disorders (Wilson et al., 2012). In addition, diabetes type 2 has a relation with the muscle strength. Mr. X is 75 years old and this factor also has a significant effect on his mobility impairment. It is because the combined effect of type 2 diabetes and age negatively affects the musculoskeletal system and the capacity of a person to perform daily activities including walking. Thus, a complex health care management plan should be developed within the healthcare environment for Mr. X after analyzing the interrelation within these health issues (Gale et al., 2013). For managing these complexities and co-occurrence of severe diseases, the contemporary healthcare team has to work with excellent co-ordination for the benefit of the patient. From a holistic perspective, all of these factors have to consider while implementing person-centered care for the best possible result (Inzucchi et al., 2012). Management intervention related to episode of care Mr. X is experiencing severe disorders, which can influence fatal consequences due to lack of healthcare management. Thus, intensive care interventions are very important for Mr. X. Initially, he would be assessed based on his health priorities. Firstly, the registered nurse would assess his health needs and would be sent to a counselor where a good rapport would be established with him for enhancing his self-esteem. He is 75 years old patient experiencing different health issues that are affecting his mental health also. Social isolation is another issue that should be significantly considered during his health care planning (Cunningham et al., 2012). Building a positive rapport would be helpful for him to combat with the isolation related issues. After assessing his health needs thoroughly, the occupational therapist and the physiotherapist would make an exercise plan for Mr. X which would help to improve his mobility issues, in addition, it would also help Mr. X to reduce the seve rity of diabetes type 2 disorder. To deal with the complex care delivery to Mr. X, the pharmacist would prescribe medication for controlling his blood pressure as type 2 diabetes has an increased risk of hypertension leading to cardiovascular accident. With regular exercise, his quality of life can be improved (Knai et al., 2012). Here, the involvement of the patient and his family has been prioritized as a component of holistic care. Mr. X and his wife were consulted about the exercise plan and required medication plan suggested for him. As he has an issue of isolation, the community care workers have also been included in the care planning. The community care workers would help him to be socialized by involving in different social activities. In addition, during discharge the health care team has to ensure that he can get oxygen facilities from the Community Respiratory Team also (Momsen et al., 2012). The dietician would work with Mr. X and his family to provide advice and food chart which would help to control the sugar level within the blood. In addition, a health promotion session would be provided to Mr. X and his wife, where they would be aware of the risk and benefits of the care plan made by the health care team (Abdullah Al-Maqbali, 2014). From the teams involved the co-ordinate management of care is needed for the improvement of Mr. Xs status. As complex health needs have been identified for Mr. X, he would need the assistance from different healthcare professionals, as discussed above, the care coordination can help the care professionals to share information about his health needs (Curry et al., 2012). Effective communication would help the healthcare professionals to share common healthcare goals for Mr. X. In co-ordination of care, professionals would also discuss the health needs with his family; as a result, Mr. X would gain appropriate and suitable assistance at home also (Holland, 2012). The case study chosen explains that Mr. X is an elderly male of 75 years suffering from COPD and diabetes, he also uses Zimmer frame as he has difficulty in walking. If the family background is taken into consideration, then there was no immediate family at home other than his wife. The intervention plan for his treatment would include the multidisciplinary program for his COPD and diabetes (Dyson et al., 2014). The treatment of COPD of Mr. X involves a multidisciplinary approach because the disease in itself involves various body organs, this disease could only be managed, and it has a co-morbid effect on the patient (Cumin et al., 2013). As Mr. X is aging and facing many sorts of disabilities and he would look forward to person-centered nursing (Olsson et al., 2013). This approach in nursing mainly focuses on the personal needs of the patients by seeing their respective goals and desires. The nurses do so because the patient becomes centralized to the nursing care process. This type of care creates a strong patient interest in experience his health illness. Mr. X also wanted to have this type of approach so that he could get the best of the treatment plan with the nurses look after him well (Christie et al., 2015). There are different frameworks adopted by the nurses to give this approach to their patients. These frameworks are as follows: The nurses should know the patient as individual The nurses should be more responsive They should provide meaningful care to the patients The nurses should have respect and value the patient They should maintain trustful and caring relationship They should give patient more freedom in their treatment The nurse should also give them the emotional support to the patient The most important of this framework is to involve the patients family and friends in planning the treatment of the patient (Gale et al., 2013). The multidisciplinary team comprises of health professionals for Mr. X would include physician, case manager, registered nurse, respiratory therapist, registered dietician, occupational therapist and pharmacist. The primary aim of this team is showing co-operation for the patient's management suffering from COPD. Every member of the team has its role to play in the treatment (Lamb et al., 2013). The role and responsibilities of the different people involved are as follows: Doctor/Physician: The doctors are the part of the multidisciplinary team and are the people who make the primary diagnosiss while also looking at the patient's history and assessing their current situation. They also look at the making future goals in relation to the condition and look at the planning for the future. The use of continuous evaluation is needed to help see if all teams are working together to provide the best possible outcome for the patients (General Medical Council, 2012). Case Manager/ Social Worker: The case manager mainly coordinates between the patient and his family and also with the hospital (Taylor et al., 2013). For the resources, the patient may require and also the support which they may require (Momsen et al., 2012). Registered Nurse (RN): The role of the registered nurse is very inclusive in this approach as the RN could only provide the care needed by the patient and could make necessary alerts to the other members of the team when required. RN also identifies several remedies which could be needed by the patient instantly (Figueroa et al., 2013). Respiratory therapist: The respiratory team is also the part of the diagnosis of the patient as he could evaluate the patient through several tests. They mainly advise the patient to go for the pulmonary function tests so that he can identify the various severities with their ailments (Yoo et al., 2014). Registered dietician: The major role of the dietician is to provide the information for the best-balanced diet for the patient, but also educating them on simple changes so that they can cope with their disease (Fitzgerald et al., 2013). The dietician's plans such food for him that he meets his energy requirements which he needs for his sustenance (Khan et al., 2015) (van Eijk-Hustings et al., 2012). Occupational therapist: The role of the occupational therapist is to see that the patient lives his normal life with his daily practice, and he also ensures that such activities are not hampered by his disease (Freud, 2013). This occupational therapist serves as the bridge between the doctors and case managers, who are given the role of making an action plan for the patient (Higgins et al., 2014). Pharmacist: Pharmacists have a key role in the patient's care because management of the correct drugs in combination is crucial while analyzing Mr. Xs case. They would also counsel patients so that they knew if needed which rescue medications could be used in emergencies. Lastly, they also see and implement future medical care according to their action plan (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2015). All of the above would be the multidisciplinary team that is involved in Mr. X's case, but as Mr. X has also been suffering from diabetes, then he would also require certain other health professionals like Diabetes Specialist Nurse and even diabetes educators that may help. The role of the Diabetes Specialist Nurse is to focus mainly on the hormone related problems which mainly affects the diabetes level and role of the diabetes educators is to give the patient, the knowledge of diabetes. These educators are important because they make the patient recognize about the consequences of diabetes and how to help themselves improve their lives(Gale et al., 2015). Thus, these both teams are important for Mr. X's progression with the issues that he is facing but also they can effectively manage the case of Mr. X by taking the considerations of all the people involved in the team. The multidisciplinary team emphasizes to improve the patient's daily function and also the quality of life; it also reduces the admission charges of the hospital by limiting the costs and reduction in the exacerbation rate. With all these, there are many problems as well as challenges associated with the adoption of such programs. The reason for this is that all such programs include heterogeneity. There is no standardization in the objectives and nor the databases are centralized which could access the outcomes of such programs. There might also be the chances that some of the members of the program may have inadequate training or lack proper skills so the patient may not receive adequate training (Bunn, 2014). There were certain complexities with Mr. X case also. In the COPD management, there were some problems with some of the services such as; nutrition, respiratory team and also the diabetes specialist. The dietician associated with this program for Mr. X was not able to give him the appropriate nutrition chart due to his wife struggled to participate in the changes of her husbands condition, so this made it difficult for the dietician to adapt changes to her routine, as she was the sole cook. Mr. X was suffering from COPD, so sometimes he would have respiratory and breathing problems, but the person who was attending from the team was found to be not very attentive to his needs and therefore the question was made from the family for them to be changed. There were problems with his diabetes management also. The diabetes nurses would try to deliver advice on how to improve the management but due to his age and also his home life, there was a communication barrier appearing at home. As th e communication was not passed on to Mr. X and his wife about the management of the disease they faced a lot of problems. He could not understand the instructions left by the team, with this rebelling saying he will deal with him in his own way." Mr. X lived at home with his wife alone, so there was not family nearby so that he could gain much information from others. If all the problems of Mr. X are taken into account, then it is seen that though the multidisciplinary team has given many advantages to the patient and his family, at the same time it comes with many complexities as there are so many people involved in this team who may have different views and perspectives that may make it becomes difficult to manage the patient, and ultimately the patient suffers (Figueroa et al., 2013). This same thing happened with the case of Mr. X. To improve such complexities, there are many strategies adopted by the management to have an effective multidisciplinary team so that both the professionals involved and the patient may get the benefit of it.If the communication problem of Mr. X is taken, then the following strategies should be taken care of: The diabetes nurse should have been more attentive towards Mr. X expectations which he had from his, by listening to his whole story of the disease. When the nurse listens to the patient, then the patient have a sense of satisfaction towards the team. In this way, there is a control between the patient and the counselor. If the nurse of Mr. X would have given much of the time to him, then he would not have faced such problem. Then the most important thing to improve the communication is dignity. If the patient is treated with due care and respect, then they are much able to communicate effectively with their professionals in the h ealthcare system (Kovshoff et al., 2012). A multidisciplinary team is of patients and staffs involved in improving the patient's health. So in this, team satisfaction is very much important. Working as a healthcare team mostly influences the working relation of all and this has the impact on the patient's safety. In the teamwork when the tasks by each member are done successfully, then the patients are greatly satisfied and contented. Two scientists named Larson and Yao had found a relationship between the clinician's satisfaction level and their capability to support the patient and how they build up the rapport with the patient and his family (Tomura et al., 2011) The concept of team dynamics in the healthcare system could be defined by the Tuckman model. This model has four stages: forming, norming, storming and performing. The performing stage is the productive one in the team because it enables the healthcare professionals to stay at appointing where they have reached in the treatment. The other stages are also important in maintaining the team dynamics because it helps in the better understanding of the team and also sets the boundaries within the team. It also helps in reducing the difference between the multidisciplinary team and the patient (Zeiss, 2016). Thus, with the case of Mr. X, a multidisciplinary team was formed comprising all the staffs from the different departments which could assist in his treatment and provide him with the better life. When a team works then, there are some complexities associated with it and in his case also they were some communication problems as well as the problems from the team. These problems were resolved by taking into consideration the different strategies discussed above (Van Eiji-Husting et al., 2013). Along with this, as we know that Mr. X is 75 years old, who lives only with his wife and no family nearby, the doctor decided to include the community care services for him so that he when he gets the discharge from the hospital then he could socialize with people and does not feel isolated but also to give his wife some free time also. The community services intended for Mr. X would help him to have support and care from the society as well as new friends who would help him to live in the society with full independence and dignity (Squires, 2013). These services are mainly focused to help the elderly people like who have a physical disability, mental disabilities or any learning disability to cope up with the changing society. In the case of Mr. X, he was suffering from diabetes, respiratory illness and also used struggles with his walking, so he greatly needs a little support from the community service care. The community care services included the wide range of services like cultural activities, educational or occupational activities, and also home care services if needed or sometimes meals even. In this case, the home care services for Mr. X would be managing his personal tasks like washing, bathing, shopping (Proia et al., 2014) As Mr. X is living alone with his wife, then he could also have the option of having domestic help who could do all his domestic works. The recreational activities would include outings, games, going out people, socializing with them and inviting them to their places. The meal option would also be beneficial for Mr. X since he lives alone with his wife, he can have his meal delivered every day or on a weekly basis. At times, Mr. X may also require the need of physiotherapist so that he could help him with his walking disability and also help him with daily exercises. The physiotherapy can also be part of the care program (van der Marck et al., 2013) Review of co-ordinate care Co-ordinate care is effective for managing the health issues of a patient having diverse health needs. Kovshoff et al., (2012) have been stated that co-ordination and teamwork enhance the quality of care delivery and reduces the time of patient's recovery. It has been evaluated that the multidisciplinary team has a diverse and specific role in the recovery of Mr. X. The information shared by the registered nurse and respiratory therapist helped the registered dietician to recommend the best diet chart for Mr. X's needs with his wife involved. In addition, the physiotherapist arranged the physical exercise program for Mr. X for improving his mobility and sugar metabolism. From the perspective of holistic care, the patient and his wife would be educated in health promotion where they have been discussed with the treatment plan and the risk and benefits of the care plan. (Ellis, 2012). From the holistic perspective, Mr. X got an entire package of treatment including the physical treatme nt and his socialization through the community services. It helped to improve his health status quickly. Thus, it is significantly effective for Mr. X. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be said that considering complexities in healthcare while dealing with a patient with diverse health care needs is very important. A number of complexities can rise within the healthcare environment while handling patients with diverse healthcare needs. In this context, it can be said that the holistic perspective would be beneficial for evaluating the health needs of the patient. The major concern found within the case study was the management of complexities faced by Mr. X and his wife. The complexities raised in the healthcare delivery have been discussed along with the management but to always involve the patient and their family, so they are aware at all times what then next step are. It has been revealed from the case study management that the co-ordinate care can enhance the affectivity of the healthcare delivery significantly. Here, the complex healthcare delivery for Mr. X has been discussed who was suffering from COPD and diabetes along with his mobili ty disorder. The study would suggest that from a holistic perspective working in a multidisciplinary team is beneficial for working with a patient with diverse health needs. The art of communication is key to delivering the best available care possible, but to make the patient the center of everything. Let them control their own outcome with the assistance of trained professional to point in the right direction. Reference List Abdullah Al-Maqbali, M. (2014). Nursing intervention in discharge planning for elderly patients with hip fractures. International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing. 18, 6880. Aller, M. B., Vargas, I., Waibel, S., Coderch, J., Sanchez-Perez, I., Colomes, L., Ramon Llopart, J., Ferran M., Vasquez, M. L. (2013). A comprehensive analysis of patients perceptions of continuity of care and their associated factors. International Journal for Quality in Health Care. 25(3), 291-299. Bardsley, M. (2012). Understanding patterns of complex care: putting the pieces together. Journal of Health Service Research Policy. (17)4, 195 -196. Barnett, K., Mercer, S. W., Norbury, M., Watt, G., Wyke, S., Guthrie, B. (2012). Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study. The Lancet,380(9836), 37-43. Brooke, J., Ojo, O. (2014). Cognitive screening in patients with diabetes in primary care. British Journal of Community Nursing. 19, 401 406. Brooks P., Gayar Omar., Sarnikar S. (2015). A framework for developing a domain specific business intelligence maturity model. Application to healthcare,35(3), 337345 Bunn F., Burn A., Goodman C., Rait G., Norton S., Robinson L., Schoeman J., Brayne C. (2014). Comorbidity and dementia: a scoping review of the literature. BMC Medicine. 12, 192. Carlin, B. W. (2012). COPD and associated comorbidities: a review of current diagnosis and treatment. Postgraduate medicine, 124(4), 225-240. Christie, J., Macmillan, M., Currie, C., Matthews-Smith, G. (2015). Improving the experience of hip fracture care: a multidisciplinary collaborative approach to implementing evidence-based, person-centred practice. International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing, 19(1), 24-35. Cumin, D., Boyd, M. J., Webster, C. S., Weller, J. M. (2013). A systematic review of simulation for multidisciplinary team training in operating rooms. Simulation in Healthcare, 8(3), 171-179. Cunningham, F. C., Ranmuthugala, G., Plumb, J., Georgiou, A., Westbrook, J. I., Braithwaite, J. (2012). Health professional networks as a vector for improving healthcare quality and safety: a systematic review. BMJ quality safety, 21(3), 239-249. Curry, L. A., OCathain, A., Clark, V. L. P., Aroni, R., Fetters, M., Berg, D. (2012). The role of group dynamics in mixed methods health sciences research teams. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 6(1), 5-20. Denson, L. A., Winefiled, H. R., Bielby, J. (2013). Discharge-planning for long-term care needs: the values and priorities of older people, their younger relatives and health professionals. Scandanavian Journal of Caring Studies. 27, 3-12. Dyson, J., Jaques, B., Chattopadyhay, D., Lochan, R., Graham, J., Das, D., ... Sumpter, K. (2014). Hepatocellular cancer: the impact of obesity, type 2 diabetes and a multidisciplinary team. Journal of hepatology, 60(1), 110-117. Ellis, P. M. (2012). The importance of multidisciplinary team management of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Current Oncology, 19, 7-15. Figueroa, M. I., Sepanski, R., Goldberg, S. P., Shah, S. (2013). Improving teamwork, confidence, and collaboration among members of a pediatric cardiovascular intensive care unit multidisciplinary team using simulation-based team training. Pediatric cardiology, 34(3), 612-619. Fitzgerald, N., Morgan, K. T., Slawson, D. L. (2013). Practice paper of the academy of nutrition and dietetics abstract: the role of nutrition in health promotion and chronic disease prevention. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 113(7), 983. Freud, S. (2013). The Role of Physical Occupational Therapy in Palliative Care. Retrieved from https://www.mskcc.org/sites/default/files/node/19501/documents/combined-ptot-oncology-basics-role-ptot-palliative-care-kelly-and-mendelsohn.pdf Gale, N. K., Heath, G., Cameron, E., Rashid, S., Redwood, S. (2013). Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research. BMC medical research methodology, 13(1), 117. General Medical Council (2012).Leadership and management for all doctors. Retrieved from https://www.gmck.org/static/documents/content/Leadership_and_management_for_all_doctors_-_English_1015.pdf. Higgins, A., Begley, C., Lalor, J., Coyne, I., Murphy, K., Elliott, N. (2014). Factors influencing advanced practitioners' ability to enact leadership: a case study within Irish healthcare. Journal of nursing management, 22(7), 894-905. Holland, D. E., Knafl, G. J., Bowles, K. H. (2012). Targeting hospitalised patients for early discharge planning intervention. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 22, 26962703. Inzucchi, S. E., Bergenstal, R. M., Buse, J. B., Diamant, M., Ferrannini, E., Nauck, M., ... Matthews, D. R. (2012). Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes care, 35(6), 1364-1379. Khan, O., Bano, G., Reddy, M. (2015). Obesity, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery: A Practical Guide. London, United Kingdom: Springer. Knai, C., Brusamento, S., Legido-Quigley, H., Saliba, V., Panteli, D., Turk, E., ... Busse, R. (2012). Systematic review of the methodological quality of clinical guideline development for the management of chronic disease in Europe. Health Policy, 107(2), 157-167. Kongstvedt, P. R. (2012). Essentials of managed health care. London, United Kingdom: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Kovshoff, H., Williams, S., Vrijens, M., Danckaerts, M., Thompson, M., Yardley, L., ... Sonuga-Barke, E. J. (2012). The decisions regarding ADHD management (DRAMA) study: uncertainties and complexities in assessment, diagnosis and treatment, from the clinicians point of view. European child adolescent psychiatry, 21(2), 87-99. Lamb, B. W., Sevdalis, N., Benn, J., Vincent, C., Green, J. S. A. (2013). Multidisciplinary cancer team meeting structure and treatment decisions: a prospective correlational study. Annals of surgical oncology, 20(3), 715-722. Lobach, D., Sanders, G. D., Bright, T. J., Wong, A., Dhurjati, R., Bristow, E., ... Williams, J. W. (2012). Enabling health care decision making through clinical decision support and knowledge management. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK97318/. Momsen, A. M., Rasmussen, J. O., Nielsen, C. V., Iversen, M. D., Lund, H. (2012). Multidisciplinary team care in rehabilitation: an overview of reviews. Journal of rehabilitation medicine, 44(11), 901-912. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), (2015). Integrated Care Clinical Pharmacist for Frail Older People: Case Management and Enhanced Rapid Response. Retrieved from https://www.nice.org.uk/sharedlearning/integrated-care-clinical-pharmacist-for-frail-older-people-case-management-and-enhanced-rapid-response. Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC)., (2015). The code: professional standards of practice and behaviour for nurses and midwives. London, United Kingdom: NMC. Olsen, R. M., Ostnor, B. H.mEnmarker, I., Helzen, O. (2013). Barriers to information exchange during older patients transfer: Nurses experiences. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 22, 2964-2973. Doi: 10.1111/jocn12246. Olsson, L. E., Jakobsson Ung, E., Swedberg, K., Ekman, I. (2013). Efficacy of person centred care as an intervention in controlled trialsa systematic review. Journal of clinical nursing, 22(3-4), 456-465. Proia, K. K., Thota, A. B., Njie, G. J., Finnie, R. K., Hopkins, D. P., Mukhtar, Q., ... Lackland, D. T. (2014). Team-based care and improved blood pressure control: a community guide systematic review. American journal of preventive medicine, 47(1), 86-99. Roberts M, Aylward B, (2014). Clinical Practice of Pediatric Psychology. New York, NY: The Guildford press. Saini, K. S., Taylor, C., Ramirez, A. J., Palmieri, C., Gunnarsson, U., Schmoll, H. J., ... Paesmans, M. (2012). Role of the multidisciplinary team in breast cancer management: results from a large international survey involving 39 countries. Annals of oncology, 23(4), 853-859. Squires, A. J. (2013). Rehabilitation of Older People: A handbook for the multidisciplinary team. London, United Kingdom: Springer. Swayne, L. E., Duncan, W. J., Ginter, P. M. (2012). Strategic management of health care organizations. London, United Kingdom: John Wiley Sons. Taylor, E. F., Machta, R. M., Meyers, D. S., Genevro, J., Peikes, D. N. (2013). Enhancing the primary care team to provide redesigned care: the roles of practice facilitators and care managers. The Annals of Family Medicine, 11(1), 80-83. The Health Foundation. (2011). Evaluating healthcare quality improvement. London, United Kingdom: The Health Foundation. Tinetti, M. E., Fried, T. R., Boyd, C. M. (2012). Designing health care for the most common chronic conditionmultimorbidity. Jama, 307(23), 2493-2494. Tomura, H., Yamamoto-Mitani, N., Nagata, S., Murashima, S., Suzuki, S. (2011). Creating an agreed discharge: discharge planning for clients with high care needs. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 20, 444453. Van der Marck, M. A., Munneke, M., Mulleners, W., Hoogerwaard, E. M., Borm, G. F., Overeem, S., ... IMPACT Study Group. (2013). Integrated multidisciplinary care in Parkinson's disease: a non-randomised, controlled trial (IMPACT). The Lancet Neurology, 12(10), 947-956. Van Eijk-Hustings, Y., van Tubergen, A., Bostrm, C., Braychenko, E., Buss, B., Felix, J., ... Huzjak, M. (2012). EULAR recommendations for the role of the nurse in the management of chronic inflammatory arthritis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 71(1), 13-19. Volggera M., Mainilb T., Pechlanera H., Mitase O., (2015). Health region development from the perspective of system theory An empirical cross-regional case study. Social Science Medicine,124(1), 321330. Wilson, P. M., Brooks, F., Procter, S., Kendall, S. (2012). The nursing contribution to chronic disease management: a case of public expectation? Qualitative findings from a multiple case study design in England and Wales. International journal of nursing studies, 49(1), 2-14. Yoo, E. J., Edwards, J. D., Dean, M. L., Dudley, R. A. (2014). Multidisciplinary critical care and intensivist staffing results of a statewide survey and association with mortality. Journal of intensive care medicine, 31(5), 325-32. Zeiss A., (2016). Cognitive and Behavioral Practice.Santa Cruz, CA:Elsevier.

Anne Frank. Essay Example For Students

Anne Frank. Essay Note: This book doesnt describe almost any character so Im not putting any character description. Hope you enjoy it! Summary. Anne Frank. Essay The diary of a young girl. Anne was a 13 years Jewish girl that lived in Neatherlands in the time world war 2 was taking place; with a bad temper, it helped work with what she wanted. Thats why she didnt get on well with her sister, her mother, and everybody else. The only different one was her dad, he understood what was happening to her, ( puberty), and helped her with everything she wanted. On her birthday she received a diary, Anne named it Kitty, and Kitty was her best friend ever since. From the first day she had it, she would write all the thoughts, feelings and wishes she had. Her parents were sales people, that thought, that in Neatherlands they might be safe from the nazis. Her life changed, when in July of 1942, the nazis came there searching for jewish people. So the Franks took a hard decision: hide from the nazis, living in the house secret room. They were shearing this room with the Van Daan family, close friends to their family. Since that day a different life started, a life they didnt imagined, and didnt know what road would take. Living in the secret room wasnt easy; hiding scared every day and night, and running always with a threatening life. Worse, living with the Van Daans, a family Anne didnt like, with their little naughty daughter. Anyway, they were protected by people that gave them food and took good care of them. The Van Daans were becoming more and more impolite every day that passed, cause the pressure they were having about the war. Anne cried all nights wishing the end of the war. They had a radio that was the only way to receive notice of the war. Instead of hearing it finishing, they just heard bad news. In the city, things were hard, but in the secret room things werent easier. It was very boring, so Anne, Margot and Peter, the only son of the Van Daans, studied with the books that were in the room. It was the only thing to do, but they were old and the 3 students already knew all the books. They lived for 2 years in the secret room. August 1 of 1944 was the last day Anne wrote in her diary, 3 days after, the nazis discovered the secret room, and both families were sent to forced work. In march of 1945, Anne died with a terrible disease called typhoid in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. From the family, the only one that survived, was her dad. He published her diary 5 years later and now its one of the most famous books of all time. Interpretation. Well, for me this book doesnt have any interpretation; since the author is Anne Frank herself. She doesnt want to tell any message since the book she wrote was her own diary. It was secret and it had all her feelings on it. It only reflects the life jewish people were living in those days. Its kinda hard to explain; her feelings, her thoughts, and all her problems, cause in my opinion, she was sort of crazy. I dont know , it may be just me, but I know it was a troubled girl that appeared in the wrong place in the wrong time. .